Mammograms save lives by detecting breast cancer in the early stages—and early detection means more
treatment options and better survival rates. Here is a look at the basics of a mammogram screening.
The Basics
A mammogram is a safe, low-dose X-ray of the breast. Mammograms can detect lumps or changes in breast tissue that may develop into problems over time, including small lumps or growths that can’t be felt during a physical breast exam. Mammograms and physical breast exams are the most effective tools for detecting breast cancer early.
How It Works
During a mammogram, you’ll stand in front of a special X-ray machine. A technician will position your breast on a flat surface that holds the film. To get a clear image, the breast will be pressed against the flat surface with a clear, plastic plate. The pressure is necessary for a clear picture. In fact, the flatter the breast, the better the image. Although you may feel like your breast is being squeezed or pinched, the discomfort will only last a few seconds.
Two pictures - one from the side and one from the top - are usually taken of each breast. The entire procedure takes less than 30 minutes.
Over the next few days, a radiologist - a doctor who specializes in imaging techniques - will then study the mammograms and notify your regular doctor of the results.
Breast Implants
If you’ve elected to augment your breasts with implants, you’ll still need mammograms because your risks for cancer have not changed. Before your mammogram, be sure to inform the mammography center that you have implants. Breast implants can hide some tissue, so special positioning of your breasts and multiple views will be necessary to adequately visualize the breast tissue.
Who Needs a Mammogram
Current guidelines from the American Cancer Society recommend annual mammograms for women, starting at age 40. You may need to start having mammograms at a younger age—or more often—if you’ve had breast cancer or breast problems, or if you have a family history of breast cancer. Consult your doctor about how often you should have a mammogram. Most physicians believe a mammogram isn’t necessary after a mastectomy because any recurring cancer can be easily felt.
No matter what your age, talk to your doctor right away if you find a lump or notice any changes in your breast. Your doctor may order a mammogram to examine the changes more closely.
If abnormalities are found, your doctor may order a biopsy. With this test, a small amount of tissue is taken from the lump and the area around the lump. Then the tissue is sent to a lab to look for cancer or changes that may mean cancer is likely to develop.
For Your Health
Mammograms are only one part of a complete breast exam. Make sure you have a physical breast exam by a healthcare provider every year, and examine your own breasts every month.
One out of every eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. But breast cancer that’s detected early has a better chance of successful treatment. For yourself and your loved ones, call your doctor today to schedule a breast exam and mammogram.
Getting Ready for Your Mammogram…
To get the best results from your mammogram, follow these tips:
- Schedule your mammogram for a time of the month when your breasts are less sensitive. Typically, your breasts hurt less after your period. As a general rule, try to avoid the week before your period.
- The worst thing you can do is avoid mammograms because you’re afraid of pain. If you’ve experienced pain with prior mammograms, take Tylenol or an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication one hour before the test. This will really help! Also ask the technologist to be gentle. Breast compression is important, but the technologist can work with you to minimize any pain.
- Wear a two-piece outfit to your appointment. That way, you’ll only have to remove your top for the mammogram.
- Don't wear any deodorant, perfume, lotion, or powder under your arms or on your breasts on the day of your appointment. These products can look like shadows on an X-ray and interfere with the radiologist’s ability to read the mammogram.
- If you can’t remain still during the procedure, inform the technician. Any movement will blur the image, making a repeat image necessary.
